Biopolitics in Russia History and Prospects for the Future free essay sample

Biopolitics in Soviet association: History and Prospects for the Future 1. Presentation Biopolitics, a field of examination utilizing natural develops, informations, and techniques in political logical order, took structure in the West ( initially in the USA ) during the 60s and 70s. To an impressive degree, this advancement can be viewed as a reaction to a theoretical emergency in political logical control inside the United States as some political specialists communicated their anxiety about the inadequate going to given to human instinct and, more all things considered, inconsistent reasonable establishments of political logical order ( see Degler, 1991 ) . For representation, this worry was voiced in a Presidential Address to the American Political Science Association by John Wahlke ( 1979 ) , who censured his subject with pre-behavioralism notwithstanding its maintained point of convergence on a logical order of conduct. It was other than in light of an emergency that biopolitics flourished in Russia ( and some different states in Eastern Europe ) . Yet, in these states it was non only a calculated emergency. It was a significant political, cultural, and financial emergency, related with a general surrender of the previous cultural framework. A huge number of individuals have needed to go through difficult situations. Money related qualities soar, and joblessness took off. Numerous convictions of Soviet life ( e. g. , free guidance and clinical consideration ) , once underestimated, did non be any more. Social friction escalated and came about in fratricidal battle ( e. g. in Moldavia ) and the surrender of the U.S.S.R. furthermore, Stalin s imperium ( first Afganistan, the Baltic states and Eastern Europe, consequently the deterioration of the C.I.S. what's more, Chechnya ) . The financial framework turned out to be continuously reliant on Mafiaconstructions. In this situation, Russian bookmans, government officials, and individuals at enormous attempted to use any accessible idea ( no undertaking from what field of logical control ) with an end goal to procure an infiltration into the p rofoundly mind boggling political situation and to happen a way to better it. To put it plainly, Russia and Eastern Europe are industrialized social orders described by exceptional cultural battles and the nonattendance of theoretical maps( complement included # 8212 ; journalists ) or objective ways of thinking with which to comprehend them ( Masters, 1993, p.244 ) . Biopolitics dressed minerals on the organic component of the individual as political invigorate being ( Homo politicus) and underscores the regular social propensities in universes and different signifiers of life. Clearly, this subfield of political logical order is relied upon to infer in cultural significance at whatever point the political situation favors biosociallydetermined human practices, as recognized from those that are psychocultural,to use the term proposed by P. Meyer ( 1987 ) . Such a situation is probably going to start in a period portrayed by the surrender of a once prevailing worth framework. In this occasion, generally stifled or socially controlled biosocial conduct propensities may go more show than expected. Numerous individuals in Russia were worried about unmanageable radiations of brutal aggressivity, occurring during ethnoconflicts or bangs between various Mafia kinfolks . Another fascinating representation is given by presidential ( and other politically of import ) decisions in post-socialist Russia, which are clearly ruled by premonitions . Albeit political runs in every advanced society are by and large affected by non-verbal imparting and primate predominance accommodation connections ( californium. Experts, 1989 ) , these impacts may look especially articulated where foundations and partizan affectionate respects are new and frail. Under such fortunes, transformative natural science and its socially of import branchings, for example, biopolitics get additional weight, and its develops can gracefully the hypothetical establishments for another cultural intellectual guide . Biopolitics is other than of specific inclusion for Russians in light of the fact that their political life has another significant natural constituent , which was the point of convergence of the fundamental paper by L. Caldwell ( 1964 ) . In Russia, the earth has non yet been sufficiently secured against mechanical contamination and obliteration. One of import issue is the overpopulation accentuation ( the impacts of clamor and of crowding on human populace , orchestrating to Caldwell, 1964 ) , and much open concern is other than brought about by the fetus removal issue each piece great as by other bioehical and bio-clinical employments. Consequently in numerous nations of open strategy, biopolitics offers vital significant data each piece great as a progressively summed up subjective guide for understanding human instinct and political relations. 2. Verifiable The historical backdrop of biopolitics on the Russian earth has been short however momentous. It started in the August of 1987, when the eighth International Conference on Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science was held in Russia ( incompletely in Moscow and in part in the Pacific seaport town of Nakhodka ) . A nearly juvenile bookman in the field of precept of logical order, Dr. Anatoly T. Zub, introduced a discussion on Biopolitics # 8212 ; Methodology of Social Biologism in Political Science . Thie introduction, later distributed by the coordinators of the gathering, was the principal expanded Russian reappraisal article on biopolitics1, with notices to the plants by L. Caldwell, A. Somit, T. Wiegele, R. Bosses, S. Peterson, C. Barner-Barry, P. Corning, G. Schubert, J. Schubert, J. Wahlke, J. Laponce, H. Flohr, W. Tonnesmann, and other extraordinary bookmans. In this paper, A. Zub exhibited his significant discernment and expertness in the field of biopolitics, which he had been dissecting since the mid 80s. In any case, since bookmans at this clasp needed to pay tribute to the still incredible Marxist-leninist hypothesis, biopolitics was depicted as a product of bourgeouis thought in this paper by him. About a twelvemonth in this manner, Dr. Alexander Oleskin from the Biology Dept. of Moscow State University ( MSU ) , roused by the work by A. Zub he had simply perused through, set up a class on Biopoliticswith the guide of his colleagues. Initially entitled Seminar on Bioethics, Biopolitics, and Biotechnology , this course is still in activity at the Biology Department of MSU. When a fourteen days, the Seminar unites a various aggregate made out of expert life researchers ( E. R. Kartashova, I. V. Botvinko, T. A. Kirovskaya, and others ) including warm blooded creature ethologists ( N. L. Nesterova ) , political specialists, for example, O. V. Borisova ( an alumni understudy student at the Political Sociology Dept.2 of MSU ) , savants ( E.N. Shulga ) each piece great as, in certain occurrences, welcomed legislators and open activists. The Seminar has been more than once went to by the Dean of the Biology Dept. of MSU, Prof. Mikhail V. Gusev. Dr. A. Zub gave a discussion on biopolit ics at one of the Seminar gatherings. A portion of these gatherings took topographic point within the sight of outside invitees, for example, Prof. G. Teuchert-Noodt, a cerebrum specialist from Bielefeld ( Germany ) and Mr. J. Briggs, a ranking staff individual from the Coca-ColaCompany ( USA ) . In 1989, A. Zub created a complete paper covering with biopolitics and sociobiology, which showed up in the conglomeration of articles entitled Western Theoretical Sociology during the 80s( distributed by the Institute for Information in Social Sciences, USSR Academy of Sciences ) . Zub other than proposed a biopolitical research undertaking for his alumni understudy student N. Sidyakina. In 1990, she finished her Ph. D. proposal, generally focusing on the plants by R. Experts, P. Corning, and the German uranologist and biopolitician E. Jantsch. P. Corning s going to was pulled in by Sidyakina s brief part to the stuffs of a universal gathering, and he sent her a message. Quickly thus, Prof. Roger D. Bosses started to coordinate with Dr. A. Zub. In 1990, N. Sidyakina and A. Oleskin gave arrangements on biopolitics at the Annual All-Russian Fyodorov Conference ( Moscow ) covering with geriatrics, life range protraction, and bioethical issues. In 1991, the twelvemonth of the flopped hard-liners putsch and the surrender of the Communist government, a gathering including Prof. M. V. Gusev and Prof. V. D. Samuilov ( Director of the Biotechnology Center ) from the Biology Dept of MSU, each piece great as Prof. M. Manakov made two consecutive visits to Athens ( Greece ) , where they met with a catching woman, Dr. Agni Vlavianos-Arvanitis. She was the President of the Greece-based Biopolitics International Organization ( B.I.O. )focusing on the moral, social, legitimate, ecological, and innovative features of biopolitics. The second visit ( in May, 1991 ) had an upsetting amazement in search for the Russian invitees, who showed up by vessel at the Piraeus Harbor. The Grecian boondocks monitors considered their shipman s travel paper s as invalid, and Profs. M. V. Gusev and V. D. Samuilov burned through three yearss and darks in the theodolite couch under fear, holding only 250 measure ( = USD 1.25 ) with them. On the fourth twenty-four hours, the hapless visitants were discharged with the individual guide of A. Vlavianos-Arvanitis. They were remunerated for their concern by the extremely inviting, about tender, intercession they got at the B.I.O. meeting. Prof. Samuilov burst into cryings on the twenty-four hours of their arrival to Russia ( on another crossroads, Mrs. Vlavianos-Arvanitis other than shed a few cryings # 8212 ; this happened when she got a message from Prof. Samuilov ) . A since quite a while ago run agreement was finished up among MSU and B.I.O. On the balance of this agreement, A. Oleskin was sent to Greece for 4.5 months. This endeavor brought about bring forthing the book ( by A. Vlavianos-Arvanitis and him ) entitled Biopolitics The B

Essay To Kill A Mockingbird In The Widely Known Novel To Kill A Mocki

Paper: To Kill A Mockingbird In the broadly realized novel To Kill A Mockingbird there are two families that are differing and are common cases of direct inverses on the ethical stepping stool of achievement. The Cunninghams and the Ewells have two particular and inverse notorieties. The Cunninghams which are regarded while the Ewells especially disdained. The Ewells are given the benefit to chase unavailable, with the goal that the inhabitants of the humble community of Maycomb would not need to endure their consistent asking twenty-four hours every day for seven days per week. These two families show the decency of diligent employees or, in the Ewells case, can fill their friends with distress. The Cunninghams have pride, with respect to the Ewells, they have a characteristic like rebel nature that will in the end frequent them and hurt others due to their startling like demeanor. The Cunningham's are regarded by the resident's of Maycomb district. The Cunninghams took nothing, exc ept if they could take care of it. Walter the most youthful in the Cunningham family was in a similar class at school as Scout Finch the girl of Atticus Finch. While in school, a new youthful new teacher known as Miss Caroline didn't have the foggiest idea about the notorieties of the forerunners of these two youngsters. In what resembled a decent day for the youngster educator immediately transformed into complete disorder and an all out misfortune trip for the instructor. Walter Cunningham being brought up in a persevering situation was instructed not to take what he was unable to take care of. The educator clearly didn't think about his experience in the most moment way and humiliated him broadly by practically requesting him to take some lunch cash. Realizing that he was unable to pay Miss Caroline back in the manner that she had at the top of the priority list he realized that he could take the cash which he needed to take so awful. Walter in the end wound up eating with the Fi nch's. While eating at the Finch's he didn't have the foggiest idea how to manage the entirety of the food that they have offered to him. For instance he suffocated his waffles in a pool of syrup. Bounce Ewell's child, Burris was likewise looked similarly however a contrary way and reason. A similar day as the Walter Cunningham episode there was another occurrence concerning the Ewells. Burris had cooties. A cootie came wildly flying out of the accepted Afro of Burris' hair, and frightened the manager of the class, Miss Caroline. Miss Caroline immediately requested that Burris return home and wash and clean his hair with Kerosine. Burris originating from what appeared as though a messed up home and he had no pride in this way, he berated the instructor, made her cry, compromised her, and afterward left. The Cunninghams are given extraordinary benefits. Cunninghams paid Atticus for some legitimate work that Atticus did with their ranch, they paid him with food, and different administ rations. The number of inhabitants in Maycomb district excepted this since they realize that the family is steadfast, honest and amazingly persevering. The Cunningham's could take nothing that they couldn't restitution similarly or more noteworthy of significant worth. At that point their are your loosen, lying, cootie invaded, mooching Ewells. Weave Ewell is a complete flushed, he takes what cash he may have earned or took and drinks it away. Mr. Ewell once in a while or if at any point has purchased or cooked his family a hot and complete nutritious dinner in his life. The children would essentially shrink up in the little shack that they live in and starve, on the off chance that they didn't have the benefit to chase and eat the food that they slaughter. The Cunninghams were a group of honesty, steadfastness and ready to carry on incredible obligations. They would not like to hurt anybody, they were appreciative for the individuals that had helped them on their excursion of life. At the point when the Cunninghams weren't right they let it be known, when they were correct they didn't show it. They had incredible regard for any individual who strolled on the essence of the earth. Be that as it may, as common the Ewells were the polar opposite, they didn't come clean on a reliable premise, and it squandered a Paper To Kill A Mockingbird In The Widely Known Novel To Kill A Mocki Paper: To Kill A Mockingbird In the generally realized novel To Kill A Mockingbird there are two families that are various and are common cases of direct inverses on the ethical stepping stool of accomplishment. The Cunninghams and the Ewells have two extremely particular and inverse notorieties. The Cunninghams which are exceptionally regarded while the Ewells especially scorned. The Ewells are given the benefit to chase unavailable, with the goal that the inhabitants of the modest community of Maycomb would not need to endure their constant asking twenty-four hours every day for seven days per week. These two families show the decency of diligent employees or, in the Ewells case, can fill their companions with distress. The Cunninghams have pride, with respect to the Ewells, they have a characteristic like revolutionary nature that will in the end frequent them and hurt others due to their shocking like mentality. The Cunningham's are regarded by the resident's of Maycomb region. T he Cunninghams took nothing, except if they could repay it. Walter the most youthful in the Cunningham faction was in a similar class at school as Scout Finch the girl of Atticus Finch. While in school, a new youthful new teacher known as Miss Caroline didn't have a clue about the notorieties of the ancestors of these two youngsters. In what resembled a decent day for the newbie instructor immediately transformed into complete chaos and an absolute difficulty trip for the educator. Walter Cunningham being brought up in an exceptionally persevering condition was instructed not to take what he was unable to take care of. The instructor clearly didn't think about his experience in the most moment way and humiliated him broadly by practically requesting him to take some lunch cash. Realizing that he was unable to pay Miss Caroline back in the manner that she had as a main priority he realized that he could take the cash which he needed to take so awful. Walter in the long run wound up e ating with the Finch's. While eating at the Finch's he didn't have a clue how to manage the entirety of the food that they have offered to him. For instance he suffocated his waffles in a pool of syrup. Bounce Ewell's child, Burris was likewise looked similarly yet a contrary way and reason. A similar day as the Walter Cunningham episode there was another occurrence concerning the Ewells. Burris had cooties. A cootie came hysterically flying out of the accepted Afro of Burris' hair, and terrified the regulator of the class, Miss Caroline. Miss Caroline immediately requested that Burris return home and wash and scour his hair with Kerosine. Burris originating from what appeared as though a messed up home and he had no pride in this way, he reprimanded the instructor, made her cry, undermined her, and afterward left. The Cunninghams are given uncommon benefits. Cunninghams paid Atticus for some legitimate work that Atticus did with their homestead, they paid him with food, and differe nt administrations. The number of inhabitants in Maycomb province excepted this since they realize that the family is exceptionally steadfast, honest and incredibly persevering. The Cunningham's could take nothing that they couldn't compensation similarly or more noteworthy of significant worth. At that point their are your loosen, lying, cootie pervaded, mooching Ewells. Sway Ewell is an all out alcoholic, he takes what cash he may have earned or took and drinks it away. Mr. Ewell once in a while or if at any point has purchased or cooked his family a hot and all out nutritious feast in his life. The children would fundamentally shrink up in the little shack that they live in and starve, on the off chance that they didn't have the benefit to chase and eat the food that they slaughter. The Cunninghams were a group of honesty, dedication and ready to carry on incredible duties. They would not like to hurt anybody, they were appreciative for the individuals that had helped them on the ir excursion of life. At the point when the Cunninghams weren't right they let it be known, when they were correct they didn't show it. They had incredible regard for any individual who strolled on the substance of the earth. In any case, as regular the Ewells were the exact inverse, they didn't come clean consistently, and it squandered a

Understanding the Acid Trip Experience

Understanding the Acid Trip Experience Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Print Understanding the Acid Trip Experience By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 19, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 21, 2019 More in Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Getting high on acid (LSD)  is also known as an acid trip or psychedelic experience and is technically termed LSD intoxication. During this period of intoxication, users experience a wide variety of effects, most often visual and other sensory distortions, changes to thought processes, intense emotions, including euphoria, and occasionally for some people, surprising new insights. An acid trip is a lengthy process, typically lasting 8 to 12 hours.?? With the distortions in time perception that occur as an effect of the drug, the experience can feel much longerâ€"some say they feel like it could last forever. This can be highly enjoyable when the mood of the user and those around is buoyant or contented, but extremely unsettling when moods are low and thoughts take a somber or even macabre turn. Verywell / Jessica Olah Why Do People Take Acid Trips? LSD is typically used for recreational and social reasons more than for self-medication. However, some people believe that the effects of hallucinogens help them  gain insight into themselves, their lives, and the nature of the universe, and even that it helps them to access greater awareness of spirituality. Unpredictability is the name of the game. Chronic LSD users embrace exploring the unknown  and the sense of excitement of  not knowing what will happen next. However, people who dislike unpredictability may find the experience of tripping on acid scaryâ€"even if nothing overly frightening happensâ€"simply because of the profound distortions in perception and thought that occurs.?? If you like to know what to expect, you probably wont enjoy tripping and should stay away from LSD and other hallucinogens. LSD can trigger a variety of mental health problems and can trigger feelings of spiritual alienation as well as spiritual awareness. Good Trip and a Bad Trip Differences Most people who take acid are hoping for  and expecting a good trip. The experience of being on acid is often described as dream-like, so one way of understanding the difference between a good trip and a bad trip is to equate it with the difference between a good dream and a nightmare. A good trip can feel pleasantâ€"the world can seem beautiful, life can seem wonderful, human interactions can seem deep and meaningful. In contrast, a bad trip can bring overwhelming feelings of fearâ€"the world can seem harsh, cold, and ugly, life can seem painful, people can seem superficial and cruel. The emotions that accompany an acid trip, whether good or bad, can seem overwhelming, difficult to control, and as if they will never go away. While this experience can be pleasant if the trip is going well, a bad trip is  unpleasant and frightening for the person going through it as well as for  those around. There can be a fear of going crazy or losing ones mind, as well as intense feelings of paranoia. These feelings can seem unbearable and the person may even have temporary suicidal feelings, although death by suicide is rare in people who are high on acid. It may be helpful to reassure someone who is experiencing a bad trip that you are there for them, that they  are not going crazy, just that they are experiencing the effects of acid, and that they are safe and nobody is out to get them. Visual Distortions and Hallucinations Distortions to the way that you see things is a hallmark of the LSD experience.?? Visual distortions can take a variety of formsâ€"for example, some appear like an overlay or outline of geometric or swirling patterns, others are described as a change in the perceived size or shape of objects. Others can best be described as  static objects appearing to move, such as walls appearing to breathe. Sensory perceptions can get mixed up, resulting in synesthesia. Synesthesia occurs when stimuli that are typically perceived through one sense are perceived through another, such as seeing sounds, or hearing smells. Hallucinations are sensory experiences that seem real when they are not. These commonly happen during an acid trip. They  may come and go in an instant. They could include: Auditory hallucinations (hearing things that arent there)Tactile hallucinations (feeling things that are not there)Olfactory hallucinations  (smelling things that are not there)Gustatory hallucinations (tasting things that are not there). However, visual distortions are by far the most commonly reported type of sensory distortion from LSD. You can imagine how confusing it is to be surrounded by several types of visual distortions at once. Although people on acid are generally aware that what they are seeing and feeling is part of the drug experience, it can nonetheless  be difficult to clearly differentiate between what is real and what is not real. Usually, people on acid can go with the flow and ride out the visual distortions, which usually get more intense during the first couple hours of the trip, then get less intense for the remaining six or so hours. But sometimes people under the influence of LSD panic, are frightened by what they are seeing, or react inappropriately to their surroundings. It is important for someone in this state not to go off on their own, as they can be prone to accidents and misadventure, sometimes leading to injury or even death. Changes in Thought Processes LSD typically changes the way people feel about themselves, other people, and the world, and this can happen in positive or negative ways.?? How a given individual will be affected is extremely unpredictable. No one takes LSD hoping or expecting to have a bad trip. Although some accept the possibility as a risk worth taking, others do not believe it will happen to them until it does. Many acid users believe that having had some good trips, they wont have a bad trip. When a bad trip occurs, it can be a blow to a persons self-esteem. Many drug users pride themselves on being able to handle the effects of drugs or think that enjoying drugs like acid is an indicator of a strong or good personality. The changes that people experience in their feelings about themselves while on LSD is often described as a breakdown of their ego, or sense of self. Previously held beliefs about who you are and what matters to you can shift temporarily or permanently. This is sometimes described positively. People may become more understanding of the plight of others, get in touch with inner strengths, or feel more spiritually connected or enlightened. But the breakdown of the ego can equally be described negatively. People may feel their life is meaningless, that the world is heartless, or that the human race is a ship of fools, and this can be profoundly alienating and depressing. Occasionally, these feelings can lead to suicidal or destructive impulses. It is very important to keep a person who is high on acid in a safe, secure environment until the effects of the drug wear off. Always call 911 if someone who seems to be having a bad trip goes off on their own, or is in a potentially dangerous environment, for example, if they are able to access heights, bridges, railroads, or heavy traffic. LSD can lead to serious errors in judgment. Side Effects of LSD Intoxication Many of the effects described above could be viewed as side effects of LSD intoxication if the intention of the person taking it was just a party buzz. Other documented negative effects of acid use are thought to be a result of the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Common Side Effects Increased heart rate Raised blood pressure Excessive sweating Serious Side Effects Hyperthermia (dangerously high body temperature that can lead to muscle and kidney damage) Dehydration Risks to personal safety A dangerously raised body temperature, a condition is known as hyperthermia, can occur. There have been a few reported cases of rhabdomyolysis, a condition in which muscles break down and can cause kidney damage, during LSD intoxication. These are medical risks that potential users should be aware of.?? Coming Down From  an Acid Trip Acid trips tend to be quite tiring, and yet it may be difficult to eat or sleep, even during the latter stages of the trip. If the drug was taken in the evening, it is likely that the person will be awake all night, and well into the following day. If it is was taken in the morning, users may continue to feel alerted well into the night. Although the hallucinations, delusions, and other effects of the drug gradually wear off, and normality returns, it is important to stay physically and psychologically healthy, as trips can turn bad even at the end. As the drug can cause excessive sweating, it is important to take in adequate fluid, without drinking so much plain water you risk water intoxication. It is a good idea to avoid caffeine, alcohol, and other substances which can impair your mood and mental state. Food, when it can be tolerated, adequate fluid, and the company of calm, familiar, non-judgemental people can all help with easing the process of coming down from an acid trip. Relaxing and listening to soothing music can be pleasant and ease the transition to reality. Sleep is important, so winding down and going to bed when able to sleep will help. Addiction to Acid Most people who take acid do so only occasionally, and many people are put off from taking the drug again after they have a bad trip. Tolerance to LSD develops very quickly, to the extent that users may not experience intoxication if they take the drug on successive days. Unlike most other recreational drugs, withdrawal has not been established for LSD. Rates of addiction among users of acid are lower than users of other drugs, with fewer than 0.1 percent  of the adult population meets the criteria for other hallucinogen use disorder. However, the risk of developing an addiction to hallucinogens may be higher for people who start taking the drug during adolescence. There are other long-term effects that can occur after taking acid, which indicates that it is not a safe drug to use. The unpredictability of the drug, even on experienced users, partly explains why people do not continue to use the drug on a long-term basis, although it can become one of many drugs that poly-drug users, people who take many different drugs, use along with other intoxicating drugs. A Word From Verywell The effects of taking acid dont always go away immediately when the drug wears off. People who have good experiences often feel it has improved their understanding of themselves, other people, or life, and describe this perspective as life-changing. Substance-induced mood disorder, substance-induced anxiety disorder, and flashbacks or hallucinogen persistent perception disorder are treatable conditions that can occur after taking acid.?? If you suffer from any of these symptoms, see your doctor for help.

Animal Testing Outline - 1616 Words

Weldon 1 Animal Testing Introduction Thesis Statement: Animal testing is wrong because it is inhumane, costly, and unpredictable. I. Animal testing is inhumane A. Torture B. Type of testing C. Effect on the animal II. Animal testing is costly A. The cost of testing B. The cost of research C. What else we could be spending money on III. Animal testing is wasteful and unpredictable A. Mass Murdering of animals B. Endangered species C. If it works on animals it may not work on humans Conclusion Weldon 1 Hunter Weldon Mrs. Smith 1st Period 1/6/14 Animal Testing Animal testing has been a controversial topic for many generations throughout the world. People against animal testing say that animal testing is cruel and inhumane and†¦show more content†¦Animals are also tested with â€Å"Repeated force feeding tactics† (11 Facts about†¦.). Repeated force feeding involves forcing animals to eat certain substances over and over just for observation. What is the point in this? Another experiment performed on animals is killing pregnant animals and examining and experimenting on the fetuses. Killing a mother and killing a baby that hasn’t even been born yet is wrong and it should be stopped. Killing an animal for no reason is cruel. That’s a life you are taking away. Just imagine if it was you. Animals should only be killed for food, not to be used for testing. Animals can be burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused as a result of testing. And the list could go on forever. The way animals are being mist reated and tested on should be against the law. There is a different ways to do research other than killing and abusing animals. There are many alternate test that scientist can use to do there research without harming animals. Alternative test are defined as test that use the three â€Å"R’s†, a test that replaces a procedure that uses animals with one that doesn’t, a test that reduces the number of animals used in a procedure, and test that refine a procedure to cause less pain to the animal.(11 Facts about†¦) Animal testing causes millions and millions of dollars to go down the drain each year. It’s a shame to see American Tax payer’s money go to no use. The National Institute of Health holds back 14 to 16 billionShow MoreRelated Animal Testing (speech Outline) Essay989 Words   |  4 Pages Specific Purpose – To persuade my audience that animal testing is wrong and how other safer alternatives should be taken. Central Idea – By going the extra mile in using safer alternatives when experimenting with animals will not only prevent conflicts from pro-life activists, it will minimize lawsuits and morals will be preserved. Introduction I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Okay I got a riddle I made up for the class. 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Animals do not get many of the human diseases that people do, such as major types of heart disease, many types of cancer, HIV, Parkinson’s disease, or schizophrenia. There have been past occasions where drugs passed on animals weren’t even safe. There is no excuse for animal testing in today’s techy world, there are now many alternatives for animal testingRead MoreEssay about We Must Search for Alternatives to Animal Testing1223 Words   |  5 PagesSalk was the one who discovered a cure for this disease thanks to animal research but is animal research always beneficial? â€Å"Treat others as you would want to be treated,† is what the Golden Rule has taught us for many years. Should we not treat animals the same way we want to be treated in return? The topic of animals being used in medical research has been controversial for many years. One side of the a rgument says that using animals is the only way to safely test a product before it reaches the publicRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Animal Testing And Research1775 Words   |  8 PagesEthical Dilemma of Animal Testing and Research Israel Parra Perez English 101 – Section 10451 Professor Leonard Macias 7 May 2017 â€Æ' Outline Thesis: Animal testing and research should cease because animals are subjected to cruel inhumane procedures by researchers, viable alternatives exist for animals testing, and results obtained through animal testing are mostly flawed and unreliable. I. Introduction and Thesis II. Animal Testing and Research Practices Leaves Animals Vulnerable to MistreatmentRead MoreThe Animal Of Animal Welfare Act1851 Words   |  8 Pages Animal Welfare Act Casandra Sasaki Eagle High School Abstract The Animal Welfare Act, passed in 1966, establishes guidelines for the protection of animals used for research and other purposes, defines the requirements for facilities housing those animals, and outlines the procedures for inspection and maintenance of those facilities by government entities. This paper explores the pros and cons of the act as well as the effectiveness of the guidelines and their enforcement. Finally

Physician Assisted Suicide The Seven Emotional Stages Of...

Individuals with a terminal illness will typically go through the seven emotional stages of while coming to terms with their condition; shock, denial, bargaining, guilt, anger, depression, and acceptance. Acceptance varies by the individual and has many different meanings. Some individuals try to make the time they have left last as long as possible while others focus on completing goals previously set in their life time. Some will seek forgiveness whether it be from their god(s) or from family and friends. But for a select few, acceptance means that they will try to take control of when they will pass away. To take control of something so trivial, they may look to family, friends, or even their physician. The act of voluntary termination of one’s life with the assistance of a medical care personal is referred to as physician assisted suicide, physician assisted death, or euthanasia. Physician assisted suicide allows patients to take control of what happens before and after d eath. It allows the patient to enjoy the dwindling life they have left and can be regulated by the government. Physician assisted suicide has been practiced for hundreds of centuries. In old India incurable patients were drowned in the River Ganges and in ancient Israel frankincense was given to those with similar fates. Acts like these continued throughout kingdoms such as Sparta, ancient Greece, and even though it was considered a crime; ancient Rome. The practice of death with the assistance of aShow MoreRelatedThe Views Of Former Dementia Carers On Assisted Suicide1683 Words   |  7 Pagesviews of former dementia carers on assisted suicide discuses many views, aspects, and hardships that come with the topic of assisted suicide. First, the article discusses how they chose their participants in their study followed by the description of dementia and how assisted suicide works. The interview with each carer addressed each person’s relationship to the person they cared for, how their experience went, and their personal point of view on assisted suicide and if they ever questioned do ingRead MoreDeath with Dignity Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pagesright to refuse treatment, passive euthanasia (under certain circumstances, family members request that life-sustaining machines or treatment be stopped for patients with little or no hope of regaining consciousness), physician-assisted suicide, or a patient may request his or her physician to administer powerful drugs such as morphine to ease unbearable pain and suffering, knowing that these drugs are also likely to bring death more quickly (Euthanasia-Reading). Nancy Cruzan was in a persistent vegetativeRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Essay example7668 Words   |  31 PagesIn todays society, one of the most controversial issues is physician-assisted suicide for the terminally ill. Many people feel that it is wrong for people, regardless of their health condition, to ask their health care provider to end their life; while others feel it is their right to be able to choose how and when they die. When a physician is asked to help a patient into death, they have many responsibilities that come along with that single question. Among those responsibilities are: providingRead MoreArgumentative Paper Euthanasia2132 Words   |  9 PagesShould Euthanasia be legalized? Because of remarkable advances in medical technology pharmacology that can artificially prolong a patient’s life, the field of medical ethics has been confronted with a new controversy: the legalization of euthanasia and physician assisted suicide. The word Euthanasia comes from the Greek word for â€Å"eus† which means godly or well, and â€Å"thanathos† which literally means death (F.A. Davis Company, 2001, p. 476). Before its contemporary use, the word euthanasia meantRead More Do People Have the Right to Die? Essay2426 Words   |  10 PagesA disabled man shares his personal experience with euthanasia: As a quadriplegic who has been paralyzed from the chest down for over 24 years, I want to address the dangerous potential ramifications of legalizing physician assisted suicide (PAS) from a viewpoint of personal experience. The past danger I am referring to concerns the time when I was first paralyzed. My paralysis is the result of a broken neck and spinal cord injury from a car accident in 1975. Add to this cheery scenario the factRead More Euthanasia Should Be A Legal Option Essay3416 Words   |  14 Pagesknown as physician aid in dying, is a good or merciful death. Opponents of euthanasia say its a fancy word for murder. There are reasons that would make a person lean toward the side of euthanasia, and there are also reasons that would turn someone away from euthanasia. The arguments against euthanasia include the churchs view on the topic of suicide. The arguments in favor of euthanasia include the patients wish to have dignity. However, regardless of the patients wishes, suicide is againstRead MoreEssay about Hospice in the United States4467 Words   |  18 Pagescontemporary hospice offers a program of care to patients and families facing a life threatening illness encompassing medical, nursing, spiritual, and psychological care. It is more than a medical alternative, it is an attitude toward death and the process of dying. Terminal disease is managed so patients can live comfortably until they die. The hospice program in the United States has evolved in part as an attempt to compensate for the inadequacies of the present medical system, particularly in caring forRead MoreEthical Decisio n Making of a Nurse Essay2915 Words   |  12 Pagespatient. When nurses are face with theses ethical dilemmas, they have a decision to make. Therefore, what does the nurse do when decision-making involves ethical dilemmas? So, has a nursing student, I have chosen to put myself in the role of a health care provider such as a nurse. It was my first day of clinical rotation and the client that I was assigned to, was due for a bath. I was not comfortable giving the patient a bath a lone, so I ask for assistance from one of my colleagues. The client wasRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pagesconduct of medical practice and/or research. | B | Given the contentious debate surrounding issues of procreation, develop an institutional policy, which can be applied to the range of treatment and research issues related to procreation. | C | Given the mandate for advance directives, informed consent, and the legal obligation to report, illustrate the application of these concepts in a specific area or setting, e.g., psychopharmacology, dementia, long-term care, acute care, home-care, etc. | Read MoreAbortion Pros and Cons7190 Words   |  29 Pagestaken place in the United States since legalization of abortion over twenty seven years ago. This is a matter of life and death to an innocent human being which now have women controlling their own lives and bodies. Some people right away will tell you that abortion is not a matter of life and death. They will argue that a fetus is not a person or human being (Gargaro, 2002). A three-week old fetus has human rights, but medical research proves that a fetus is living from the moment of conception. It

Theories Criminology and Capable Guardians Free Essays

Individual Theories Maria Silva CJS/240 Farrell Binder 02/16/2013 There are several theories that influence adolescents are motivated to commit crimes, while other adolescents in similar situations are not. The theories that consist of adolescents committing crimes are based on the routine activities theory, general deterrence theory, specific deterrence theory, biochemical theory, neurological theory, genetic theory, psychodynamic theory, behavioral theory, and cognitive theory. I will talk about the routine activities theory and the general deterrence theory and focus on the bad issues in which adolescents choose to commit a crime. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories: Criminology and Capable Guardians or any similar topic only for you Order Now The routine activities theory consist of three variables; â€Å"the availability of suitable targets, the absence of capable guardians, and the presence of motivated offenders. † (Juvenile Delinquency: The Core, 2005) First, the suitable targets; homes that seem very wealthy are more easily to be the crime target. Wealthy homes can contain valuable things such as, jewelry, safe box with cash, cameras, DVD’s, and anything worth value for the offender to make quick money. It is stated that many delinquents do not like to travel to commit their crimes they look around their surroundings, and speak to other children about what they have inside their homes. This is fairly easy for delinquents to commit crimes, and engage other to join in on the crime. They look for unlock homes, expensive cars and valuables worth stealing. Second, the lack of capable parents, in which adolescents feels that if they commit a crime they will unlikely to get caught. Since they believe that their crime will not be caught by a police officer, neighbors, parents, relatives, and homeowners, they will continue to commit crimes. Adolescents or delinquents look for specific safe places to commit their crimes and go undetected from certain types of guardians. Adolescents look around and see where there’s no movement around neighborhoods, where homes are left unattended and these become the easy targets for the offenders. In certain neighborhoods, where society is highly, there is more monitoring from guardians such as patrolling of officers, friends, family, and neighbors are less likely to be the target of their homes, and be burglarized, and broken into. Other types of capable guardians are video cameras, and alarm systems and help capture these offenders. Third, variable for routine activities theory would be motivated offender, in which adolescents are more highly motivated to commit a crime. They consist of mostly teenage boys, and unemployment. Motivated offenders select their targets based upon on the value, visibility and accessibility. Motivated offenders may choose not to break-in an unoccupied home, because the presence of a suitable target, because he feels that a guardian, such as a neighbor may spot him, captures him, or phone an officer. Another theory that is motivated in adolescents for them to commit a crime would be general deterrence theory. General deterrence; â€Å"concept holds that the choice to commit delinquent’s acts can be controlled by the threat of punishment. † (Juvenile Delinquency: The Core, 2005). Offenders will fear of committing crimes, if they know how severe the punishment may be, if they commit the crimes. General deterrence focusses on the prevention of crime and does not focus on the offender, but the offender receives punishment in the public eye or media in order to deter other citizens to commit crimes. As well, that general deterrence theory tries to reduce the probability of committing crimes in the general population. General deterrence results from the perception of the public that laws are enforced and that there is a risk of detection and punishment when laws are violated. † (www. sociologyindex. com) All these theories have a huge effect, routine activities theory and general deterrence theory is more important for adolescents to be aware of. For instance, general deterr ence theory is effective for the public, because it shows the punishment of an offender may be and at times it can be severe, helping others not to commit the same crime or any other form of crimes. Routine activities theory are helpful, but needs more of it, for example, more patrolling officers, neighborhood watch committees, more camera surveillance, and more activates or programs for adolescents. Having these types of surveillance, might help reduce crime, because offenders would see that they are watched constantly, and might be afraid to be caught. References: Juvenile Delinquency: The Core, 2005 www. sociologyindex. com How to cite Theories: Criminology and Capable Guardians, Essay examples

The Yellow Wallpaper Essays (1100 words) - Mental Illness In Fiction

The Yellow Wallpaper The Effect of Major Symbolic Elements Women in literature are often portrayed in a position that is dominated by men, especially in the nineteenth century, women were repressed and controlled by their husbands as well as other male influences. In The Yellow Wall-Paper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the narrator is oppressed and represents the major theme of the effect of oppression of women in society. This effect is created by the use of complex symbols such as the window, the house, and the wall-paper which all promote her oppression as well as her self expression. One distinctive part of the house that symbolizes not only her potential but also her trapped feeling is the window. In literature, traditionally this would symbolize a prospect of possibilities, but now it becomes a view to a world she may not want to take part in. Through it she sees all that she could be and everything that she could have. But she says near the end, I don't like to look out of the windows even - there are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast. She knows that she has to hide and lie low; that she would have to creep in order to be accepted in society and she does not want to see all the other women who have to do the same because she realizes they are a reflection of herself. She expresses how women have to move without being seen in society. The window does not represent a gateway for her. She can not enter what she can see outside of the window, literally, because John will not let her, (there are bars holding her in), but also because that worl d will not belong to her, she will be oppressed like all other women. She will be controlled, and be forced to suffocate her self-expression. The only prospect of possibilities that this window shows are all negative. It shows a world in where she will be oppressed and forced to creep like all the other women. It is common to find the symbol of the house as representing a secure place for a woman's transformation and her release of self expression. However, in this story, the house is not her own and she does not want to be in it. She declares that it is haunted, and that there is something queer about it. Although she recognizes the beauty of the house and what surrounds it, she constantly goes back to her feeling that there is something strange about the house. Her impression is like a forewarning for the transformation that takes place within her while she is there. In this way the house still is the cocoon for her major change that will take place. The house does not take the form of the conventional symbol of security for day to day activities of a woman, but it does allow for and contain her transformation. The house also facilitates her release, accommodating her, her writing, and her thoughts. These two activities evolve because of the fact that she is kept in the house. The house symbolizes her confinement, where she will be transformed and changed due to her near imprisonment in the house. Impacting her metamorphosis even more than the house itself, is the room she is in and the characteristics of that room. The most important characteristic being the yellow wall-paper, which also plays a double role: it has the ability to trap her in with its complexity of pattern that leads her to no satisfying end and bars that hold in and separate the woman in the wall-paper from her. However, the wallpaper also sets her free. She describes the wall-paper as being repellent, revolting, a smoldering unclean yellow. She is stuck in this room and her only escape is the wall-paper. She is so confined, because her husband has taken such control over her activities, that she is forced to sit and watch this paper. She also says in her first reference to it that, I should hate it myself if I had to live in this room long. The patterns of the paper absorb her as she tries to

Digestion and Important Functions Essay Example

Digestion and Important Functions Essay Example Digestion and Important Functions Essay Digestion and Important Functions Essay Anatomy   Physiology Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into smaller pieces so that the  body can use them to build and  nourish cells and to provide energy. Digestion involves the mixing of food, its movement through the  digestive tract (also known as the alimentary canal), and  the chemical breakdown of larger molecules into  smaller molecules. Every  piece of food we eat has to  be broken down into smaller nutrients that the body can absorb, which is why it takes hours to fully digest food. The digestive system is made up of the digestive tract. This consists of a long  tube of  organs that runs from the mouth to the anus and includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, together with the liver  , gall  bladder  , and  pancreas, which  produce important secretions for digestion that drain into the small intestine. The digestive tract in an adult is about 30  feet long. Mouth and Salivary Glands Digestion begins in  the mouth, where chemical and mechanical digestion occurs. Saliva or spit, produced  by the salivary glands (located under  the tongue and near the lower  Ã‚  jaw), is released into the mouth. Saliva begins to break down the food, moistening it and making it easier to  swallow. A digestive enzyme(called amylase) in the saliva begins to break  down the carbohydrates(starches and sugars). One of the most important functions of the mouth is  chewing. Chewing allows food to be mashed into a soft mass that is easier to swallow and digest later. Esophagus Once food is swallowed, it enters the esophagus, a muscular tube that is about10 inches long. The esophagus is located between the throat and the stomach. Muscular  wavelike contractions known as peristalsis push the food down through  the esophagus to the stomach. A muscular ring (called the cardiac sphincter) at the end of the esophagus allows food to enter the stomach, and, then, it  squeezes shut to prevent food and fluid from going back up the esophagus. Stomach a J-shaped organt hat lies between the esophagus and the small intestine in the upper  abdomen. The stomach has 3 main functions: to  store the swallowed food and liquid; to mix up the food,  liquid, and digestive juices produced by the stomach; and to slowly empty its contents into the  small intestine. Small Intestine Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the small intestine. The small intestine is a narrow,  twisting tube that occupies most of  the lower abdomen between the stomach and the beginning of the large  intestine. It extends about 20 feet in length. The small intestine consists of 3 parts: the duodenum (the C-shaped part), the  jejunum  (the coiled midsection), and the ileum(the last section). The small  intestine has 2 important functions. First, the digestive process is completed here  by enzymes and other substances made by intestinal cells, the pancreas, and  the liver. Glands in the  intestine walls secrete enzymes that breakdown starches and sugars. The pancreas secretes enzymes into the  small intestine that help  breakdown carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The liver produces  bile, which is stored in the gallbladder. Bile helps to make fat molecules (which otherwise arenot soluble in water) soluble, so they can be absorbed by  the body. Second, the small intestine absorbs the nutrients from the digestive process. The inner wall of the small lintestine is covered by millions of  tiny fingerlike projections called villi. The villi are covered with even tinier projections called microvilli. The  combination of villi and microvilli increase the surface area of  the small intestine greatly, allowing absorption of  nutrients to occur. Undigested material travels next  to the large intestine. Large intestine forms an upside down U over  the coiled small intestine. It begins at the lower right-hand side of the body and ends  on the lower left-hand side. The large intestine is about 5-6 feet long. It  has 3 parts: the cecum, the colon, and the rectum. The cecum is a  pouch at the beginning of the  large intestine. This area allows food to pass from the small intestine to the large intestine. The colon is where fluids and salts are absorbed and extends from the cecum to the rectum. The  last part of the large intestine is the rectum, which is where feces(waste material) is stored before leaving the body through the anus. The main  job of the large intestine is to  remove water and salts (electrolytes) from the undigested material and to form solid waste that can be excreted. Bacteria in the large intestine help to  break down the  undigested materials. The remaining contents of the  large intestine are moved toward the rectum, where feces are stored until they leave the body through the anus as a  bowel movement.

How to Apply for Federal Student Aid Using the FASFA

How to Apply for Federal Student Aid Using the FASFA You want to go to college so you can make a lot of money but you dont have a lot of money, so you cant go to college. Congratulations! You have just met the main requirements for getting federal student aid. The U.S. Department of Education provides more than $67 billion in loans, grants and campus-based aid every year to assist millions of students and their families pay for postsecondary education. This feature presents an overview of the types of federal student financial aid available, eligibility requirements and the application process. Handy links directly to detailed information from the Department of Education are provided throughout. Federal Student Loan Programs The governments Stafford Loan program offers both subsidized and unsubsidized student loans.   Subsidized loans require proof of financial need. All interest on subsidized loans is paid by the government while the student is actually enrolled at least half-time and during certain periods, such as  deferment and forbearance. Unsubsidized loans are available regardless of financial need. The student must pay all interest on unsubsidized loans. The Direct PLUS program offers unsubsidized loans to parents of dependent students. The parents must pay all interest on Direct PLUS loans. Amounts that can be borrowed, repayment options and interest rates vary greatly and can be modified during the term of the loan. For details on federal student loan programs, see: Federal Direct Student Loans - Information For Students (Note: Some teachers and childcare providers may be able to cancel payment of portions of their federal student loans. See: Loan Cancellation for Teachers and Cancellation for Childcare Providers.) Federal Pell Grants Unlike loans, federal Pell Grants do not have to be paid back. Eligibility is based on financial need. Maximum amounts available vary yearly as determined by Congress. Besides financial need, the amount of a Pell grant also depends on costs to attend school, the students status as a full- or part-time student, and the students plans to attend school for a full academic year or less. Pell grant funds are paid directly to the student by the school at least once each semester, trimester, or quarter. Campus-Based Aid Programs Campus-based programs like the Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG), Federal Work-Study (FWS), and Federal Perkins Loan programs are administered directly by the financial aid office at each participating school. Federal funds for these programs are given to the schools and distributed to students at the schools discretion. Amounts students can receive depends on individual financial need, amounts of other aid the student receives and the total availability of funds at the school. Basic Eligibility Requirements for Student Aid Eligibility for federal student aid is determined on the basis of financial need and on several other factors. The financial aid administrator at the college or career school you plan to attend will determine your eligibility. Basically, to receive aid from federal programs, you must: qualify for financial need (except for certain loans); have a high school diploma or a General Education Development (GED) certificate, or pass a test approved by the U.S. Department of Education; be working toward a degree or certificate; be enrolled in an eligible program; be a U.S. citizen or eligible non-citizen; have a valid Social Security Number; register with the Selective Service if required; and maintain satisfactory academic progress once in school. Under federal law, persons who have been convicted under federal or state law of the sale or possession of drugs are not eligible for federal student aid. If you have a conviction or convictions for these offenses, call the Federal Student Aid Information Center at 1-800-4-FED-AID (1-800-433-3243) to find out if, or how, this law applies to you. Even if you are ineligible for federal aid, the Education Department urges you to complete a Free Application for Federal Student Aid, because you may be eligible for nonfederal aid from states and private institutions. How to Apply for Student Aid - The FASFA The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) can be used to apply for all loans, grants, and campus-based student aid programs. The FASFA can be completed online or on paper. The FAFSA Web site takes you through every step of the process and provides all the information you need to apply for federal student aid. Applicants can access worksheets to estimate their incomes, electronically sign loan documents, save an application at any computer and print a complete report. How easy is the FAFSA online application process? In 2000, over 4 million student loan applications were processed online, a number the Department of Education expects to top 6 million during 2002. Between Jan. 1 and March 1, 2002, over 500,000 applications had already been processed online. Questions? If you have any questions, or require additional information on student financial assistance, you may contact your high school guidance counselor, the financial aid officer at the postsecondary school you plan to attend, or the Federal Student Aid Information Center, open seven days a week, from 8 a.m. to midnight (Eastern Time). You can also find free information about federal, state, institutional, and private student aid in your high school counselors office or local librarys reference section (usually listed under student aid or financial aid.)

African Traditional Religions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

African Traditional Religions - Essay Example This festival is celebrated in the honour and recognition of the power of women. However, this festival does not allow African women to perform dance in public spheres and demonstrate their influence; instead men most passionately perform masquerade dance with their wooden masks, and phony breasts and hips entailing costumes. The masquerade dance is supposed to support female spirit and their mystic attributes in African society. Simultaneously, it is believed to enhance communal accord between diverse tribes of Africa, the potential of survival as a tribe, and most importantly the aspect of fertility either in terms of land, cattle, or women. Yet, Gelede festival significantly portrays the influence and inevitable need of women in African society for the sake of progress and harmony (Ray, 79). Nevertheless, there is one region in Africa which actually allow women to wear wooden masks and dance in the Gelede festival and that is Mende. Mende has its own secret society which is known as Sande and its female members are the ones who wear Sowei and dance masquerade in open. These courageous women return from the dance wearing the Sowei mask, which is believed to entail many moral, spiritual and visual meanings of beauty in general and also qualities of Sande society as well. Every feature of the mask holds a different meaning and significant traits, like different carved hairstyles depict inner contentment of the person wearing it, small mouth depict the moral, religious and ethical values of women to avoid gossip and eventually small ears depict that women of strong character do not surrender to worldly allures of the heart and mind and ignore them by all means. Furthermore, if the wooden mask has an illustration of animal at the top of it, this representation can behold a lot of meanings either it is showing a connection between the dancer and an appreciable animal trait. Like speed, cleverness or fertility, or it shows the link of

Task 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Task 2 - Assignment Example At least 4 % of residents in Australia are suffering from diabetes i.e. 990,000 people. However, the rate has risen by a rate of 1.5 from 1990 hence, the need to make it a national priority. Pregnancies that are associated with diabetes are 44,000 women between 2005 to 2007 thus associated complications. Risk factors include overweight and obesity while people suffering have increased chances of cardiovascular diseases. Many funds are spent in treatment. 1,507 million dollars were spent in treatment between 2008 and 2009 (Cunningham et al, 8). Mental health is a large cause of disability accounting for 24 % of total years lost due to disability in Australia and is becoming increasingly apparent. An estimation of 3.2 million people in Australia has a mental disorder aged between 16 to 85 years. The mental health services report provides recent information on characteristics and activity of mental health care services. The mental and palliative care is responsible for analysing and r eporting mental health care service information contained in reports. However, mental illness has been associated with dementia, cardiovascular disease and alcohol abuse (Tempier et al, 2009). Australian government health priorities for a nursing profession have the aim of improving the health care outcomes of all members in the country and ensuring sustainability of the health system by the implementation of the National Health Reform Agreement. A registered nurse ought to show competence at the work place with appropriate skills and knowledge. He should have the abilities of working interdependently and show responsibility and accountability for their practice. A nurse ought to respect all and should be well trained. In the study, mental health and diabetes are the identified government health priorities. However, these will have some implication on the nursing priority influence on healthcare delivery. Diabetes implications call for the development of sensitization

Effects of Transition on Child Stress

Effects of Transition on Child Stress Using evidence, write an essay showing how stress is influenced at the levels of the individual, family, locality and society. Chose one intervention at one of the levels and say why you think it could be effective in tackling the problem.   This essay looks at how stress is influenced at many levels: individual, family, locality and society, and concentrates on the level of family, to describe an intervention that could be effective in tackling the problem. As Finlay et al. (2005; p. 141), stress is something that everybody experiences at some point in their life, from children to adults, although excessive amounts of stress can be harmful for individuals in terms of their health and longevity. It is therefore important that the causes of long-term stress be identified and that interventions are utilized in order to minimize the adverse effects of this stress. As Finlay et al. (2005; p. 29-31) point out, however, stress can have many causes, from individual factors, to family concerns, to external factors from the individual’s environment (locality) to societal-level factors, all of which can lead to an individual experiencing stress. This can make it difficult to isolate one intervention that could be effective; the remainder of the essay will, however, describe a case study and will highlight one intervention that might be effective in this case. The particular example that will be used is that of a primary-aged child who is showing signs of stress. The child is manifesting behavioural changes, such as disturbed sleep and mood swings, and is experiencing headaches and loss of appetite, all of which are classic signs of childhood stress (Flinn, 1999). The child is the youngest child of a two-child family, and has just started primary school. His parents both work full-time and they are rarely in the house. The family does not eat together. The child’s older brother is a teenager, and is going through exams at the moment. He himself is also showing signs of stress, and all the spare time the parents have, they spend with their oldest child, helping him cope with his exams. It is clear that the youngest child is being neglected emotionally, at a time when he needs support, having just moved to full-time school. There are many stressors on this child, which can be addressed through some simple interventions, which will be discussed below. A recent study (Turner-Cobb, 2008) shows that, in particular, periods of transition in childhood can be extremely stressful for children. Studies have suggested that stress can be anticipated by children, which can lead to deep anxiety (Primary Report, 2007). As shown by Flinn (1999), untreated stress in childhood can have long-term health effects, such as adverse developmental effects (McEwen, 2008) and increased mortality (McEwen, 2003). In addition, childhood stress can lead to social problems, such as poor familial relationships, and behavioural disorders as a result of this (McEwen, 2003; Alfven et al., 2008; Flinn, 1995). As Flinn and England (1997) show, supported by Bauer and Boyce (2004), these social problems can then lead, in later life, to socio-economic problems caused by long-term health concerns. As (Finlay et al., 2005; p.64) state, â€Å"Family relationships have both a positive and a negative effect on health behaviours and health†. As suggested, the lack of ‘family meals’, where the whole family sits down to eat can disrupt the parent-children relationship, and can lead to stress being put on the children, who feel they do not have a regular point of contact with their parent(s), breaking the facility for communication with their parent(s) (Finlay et al., 2005; p.64). This certainly seems to be the case here, where the parents work full-time and have little spare time to spend ‘quality time’ with their child. As (Finlay et al., 2005; p.70) suggest, the changing roles within families have put stress on the family, with both parents working meaning that the children are less likely to see their parents for extended periods of time, leading to a greater need for independence at an earlier age and, also, potentially leading to poor health beha viours in the children and to higher levels of stress in these children. What can be done, what intervention can be suggested, to help this child? Given that the child is young, very young, and is going through a stressful period in his life at the moment, with the transition to full-time school, and that the child is being neglected, emotionally, by his parents, the suggested intervention is that the family attempt to sit down together at all mealtimes. This would give the family an opportunity to be together and would allow the child time to settle down with his parents and to feel comfortable enough to be able to tell them about his worries and his concerns. As shown by Arnold (1990), it is often enough for a child to be given the space to talk for the child to feel less stressed, and to recover from the symptoms of stress they were suffering. This intervention is expected to be effective in that it would allow connections to be made again between the child and his parents, and his brother, allowing some repair of the disrupted parent-child relationship (Finlay et al., 2005; p. 64). The need for families to have a space (both physical and temporal) where they can be together is paramount, in terms of allowing each family member to interact with each other, allowing them to discuss their worries and concerns and allowing, to some extent, the stressors to be relaxed. This is especially important for a young child who needs to feel protected. Without the protection of their families, their parents, young children can begin to feel vulnerable, with this vulnerability allowing for stressful events to have a far greater negative effect than usual on their responses to stress (Arnold, 1990). By sitting down together as a family, by talking and being listened to, the child can externalize his worries and, once shared, these worrie s can be dealt with in the most appropriate ways. Indeed, recent studies have shown that families who eat meals together have children who are more emotionally healthy than those families who do not eat together (Fivush and Duke, 2005; Duke et al., 2004). In summary, the suggested intervention in this case is to sit down together, as a family, to eat together. It is important to realize that such an intervention can have major effects on the sense of belonging a child has, which, in turn, can reduce their sense of vulnerability and can increase their ability to deal with stressful situations, and to avoid suffering from stress. This type of interaction can also lead to greater levels of family cohesiveness and resilience, having the beneficial side effect of contributing to a general reduction in family-level stressors. References Alfven, G. et al. (2008). Stressor, perceived stress and recurrent pain in Swedish schoolchildren. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 65(4), pp. 381-387. Arnold, E.L. (1990). Childhood Stress. John Wiley Sons. Bauer, A.W. and Boyce, T. (2004) Prophecies of childhood: how childrens social environments and biological propensities affect the health of populations. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 11(3), pp. 164-175. Duke, M.P. et al. (2004). Of ketchup and kin: dinnertime conversations as a major source of family knowledge, family adjustment and family resilience. The Emory Centre for Myth and Ritual in American Life, Working Paper 26, available from http://www.marial.emory.edu/pdfs/Duke_Fivush027-03.pdf [Accessed on 3rd October 2008]. Finlay, L. et al. (2005). Understanding Health. The Open University. Fivush, R. et al. (2004). Family narratives and the development of children’s emotional well-being. In Family stories and life course, Pratt, M.W. and Fiese, B.H. (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Flinn, M.V. (1995). Childhood stress and family environment. Current Anthropology 36(5), pp. 181-187. Flinn, M.V. and England, B. G. (1997). Social economics of childhood glucocorticoid stress response and health. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 102(1), pp. 33-53. Flinn, M.V. (1999). Family environment, stress and health during childhood. In Hormones, Health and Behaviour, Panter-Brick, C. and Worthman, C.M. (eds.), Cambridge University Press. McEwen, B.S. (2003). Early life influences on life-long patterns of behaviour and health. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disability Research Review 9(3), pp.149-154. McEwen, B.S. (2008). Understanding the potency of stressful early life experiences on brain and body function. Metabolism 57(2), pp. 11-15. Primary Report (2007). Community Soundings: The Primary Review regional witness sessions. Available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/12_10_2007primary.pdf [Accessed on 3rd October 2008]. Turner-Cobb, J. (2008). Children’s transition to school. Preliminary results available from http://www.bath.ac.uk/schooltransition/home#results [Accessed 3rd October 2008].

Effects of Cyberbullying Essay

Examples of Cyberbullying Cyberbullying examples  is referred to as a form of bullying  that is known to take place through the use of electronics such as mobile phones and over the internet. Furthermore, social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter among many others, chat, text messages as well as websites are avenues through which cyber bullying can take place. It is to be noted that cyber bullying often is between kids, teens or even pre-teens and it will involve emails, text messages as well as rumors that are spread or posted on a social site over the internet or through the phone. Picture messages that are embarrassing, websites and even videos in addition to fake profiles are some of the means through which cyber bullying can take place. It has become quite a common social menace among young people and often those that have been victims of cyber bullying have been at one time bullied in person. Cyber bullying has great negative impacts on the life of the victims and therefore, should be dealt wi th accordingly by the relevant stakeholders who include parents, teachers as well as the government. Causes of Cyberbullying Characteristics Cyber bullying can take place at any time of the day, that is, 24/7. The kids that are targeted can be reached at any time when they are with the parents or guardians as well as when they are alone (Hoff, & Mitchell, 2009). This means that cyber bullying can take place either during the day or during the night. This trait of cyber bullying makes it quite difficult for parents or even guardians to monitor their children and even become aware of them being bullied. The second characteristic that is associated with cyber bullying is that the messages and the pictures being sent to the targeted kid can be done anonymously and can easily be distributed within a short time to a large number of people using the same sites(Hoff, & Mitchell, 2009). This is a big problem when it comes to dealing with the issue of cyber bullying because it becomes difficult to trace where the message or even picture have originated from so that the culprit can be brought to book. Finally, it is important to note that cyber bullying has quite a long lasting impact on the targeted victims. This is based on the reason that after the harassing messages, pictures or even the texts have been posted on the sites; it becomes quite difficult to erase or even delete those messages(Mishna, Khoury-Kassabri, Gadalla, & Daciuk2012). This means that every time the kid being bullied will view them and this will keep tormenting them and therefore, there is need to address such kind of issue by the relevant stakeholders. Negative effects of cyber bullying Any form of vice in the society often has its negative effects on those people that it is directed towards. In this case, cyber bullying has some of the greatest harmful effects on the lives of the kids who are victims(Mishna, Khoury-Kassabri, Gadalla, & Daciuk2012). Some of the negative impacts of cyber bullying on kids include the indulgence in drugs or even alcohol. When a kid is a victim of cyber bullying, they become frustrated. This results in the use of drugs as well as alcohol. The other negative effects of cyber bullying include the kids skipping school hence their education life becomes ruined since they tend to avoid their bullies (Campbell, 2005). The performance of the bullied kid will tend to drop as they will lack interest in their studies. Furthermore, the bullied kid will be affected in terms of their personality. The bullied kid will experience lower self-esteem since they will become afraid of facing their tormentor or even interact with other kids as they used to since they will be ridiculed (Mishna, Khoury-Kassabri, Gadalla, & Daciuk2012). Finally, it is to be noted that children or kids that experience cyber bullying will tend to experiences health complications and problems such as stress which may lead to other serious health problems. Causes of Cyber bullying There are several causes which have been identified that result in cyber bullying among kids. One of the causes is the motivation for revenge. Some of the cases of cyber bullying are as a result of kids who have been bullied in the past and therefore want to do the same to others. The second cause of cyber bullying is the belief by other kids that the victims often deserve to be bullied(Mishna, Khoury-Kassabri, Gadalla, & Daciuk2012). For example, if a certain kid is thought to be mean to others, they may decide to bully the kid to make them change or in retaliation to their meanness. Thirdly, some kids bully others because of boredom. They are looking for fun and therefore, they think that bullying others will help cheer them up. The other causes which have been identified include peer pressure from others that have been involved in cyber bullying, the perception that everyone else is involved in cyber bullying, and the beliefs that they will not be caught due to the anonymity invol ved(Mishna, Khoury-Kassabri, Gadalla, & Daciuk2012). Finally, hunger for power especially for kids from well-off families towards poor kids is also a cause in addition to lack of empathy for other kids. According to National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Justice Statisticsin the year 2010-2011 about 9% among the students that are in the 6–12 grades have at one time had an experience of cyberbullying. In the year 2013, according to Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Surveyabout 15% of the 9-12 grade students in high school to have experienced cyber bullying over the past year 2012. In conclusion, cyber bullying has become one of the most committed criminal acts among the young people and kids. However, due to the continued technological developments, it has become quite a challenge to handle the issue of cyber bullying. It is also quite difficult to determine the exact number of cases of cyber bullying considering that some of them are not reported to parents or even authorities in the schools. References Campbell, M. A. (2005). Cyber Bullying: An Old Problem in a New Guise?.Australian journal of Guidance and Counselling, 15(01), 68-76. Hoff, D. L., & Mitchell, S. N. (2009). Cyberbullying: Causes, effects, and remedies. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(5), 652-665. Mishna, F., Khoury-Kassabri, M., Gadalla, T., &Daciuk, J. (2012). Risk factors for involvement in cyber bullying: Victims, bullies and bully–victims. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(1), 63-70. Source document

A Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects On The Quality Of...

Diabetes has been portrayed as an epidemic affecting an expected 104 million individuals around the world. Diabetes is not only a typical chronic ailment as well as it meets all 3 criteria for a public health disease (Cockram, 2000). The objective of the clinical administration of all types of diabetes is to control metabolic disorders related to diabetes without adversely affecting the quality of life (Renders, et al. 2000). The research study is focused on management of diabetes mellitus in Asian population by balancing nutrition in a way to achieve diabetic control. The research is a primary research which is carried out using primary data and the results have been tabulated using descriptive statistics (graphs and frequency table). The results of the study suggest that diabetes can be managed through lifestyle interventions. Research Proposal While keeping in mind the issue of advancing incidence of diabetes mellitus in Asian population, a research proposal is kept forward based on the following hypotheses. Rationale behind carrying out the research The study has been designed and completed in order to prove any of the aforementioned hypotheses hence the results produced would lead to acceptance of one while rejection of the other. The proposal includes the idea of a research project which is designed to find out whether balancing nutrition in diabetic Asian population is helpful in managing diabetes or not. 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Teen Bullying Must Be Stopped Essay - 1429 Words

Bullying in school environments is not a rare or recent development by any means. However, it would appear the intensity and consequences have reached new, devastating heights in more recent cases. I was shocked to discover that there have been five recent teen suicides from bullying, in the high school in my current city. According to one of my local news-station’s website, www.foxnews.com, in Mentor High School (Mentor, Ohio) there have been four cases of teen suicides from bullying in a little more than three years. The suicides were from one teen who was bullied for being gay, one being bullied because of a learning disability, one for a boy who liked to wear pink, one from an overdose of antidepressants and the most†¦show more content†¦Even after her death, Sladjana’s bullying continued. At the Wake, the girls who tortured Sladjana for months walked up to her casket and laughed at her. 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